25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 sample extract

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin D mainly includes vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Its biological functions mainly include

①Promote calcium absorption in the small intestine;

②Promote the reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus in renal tubules;

③Regulate blood calcium balance;

④Has a variety of effects on bone cells;

⑤Regulation of gene transcription.

Vitamin D deficiency is mainly manifested in osteomalacia, osteoporosis and rickets. The former is common in adults and pregnant women, and the latter occurs in children.

①Osteomalacia: osteomalacia caused by vitamin D deficiency in adults (especially pregnant women and nursing mothers). Its clinical manifestations are osteomalacia, bone pain in waist and legs, easy deformation, etc;

② Osteoporosis: osteoporosis caused by vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly. Due to its reduced renal function, poor gastrointestinal absorption, reduced outdoor activities, affecting bone calcification, spontaneous fractures can occur. In addition, vitamin D deficiency can also cause symptoms of hand and foot spasms such as muscle spasm and calf spasm;

③ Rickets: due to the lack of vitamin D, the bone cannot calcify normally, which makes the bone soft, bent and deformed. Children with severe calcium deficiency show irritability, night terrors, sweating, etc. children with severe calcium deficiency can see Beaded protrusions at the junction of ribs and soft ribs, lower limbs in the shape of "O" or "X", and sternal protrusions form chicken breasts. Due to the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, children's teeth are underdeveloped and prone to dental caries.

Excessive vitamin D is often caused by excessive intake of vitamin D. Its clinical manifestations are fatigue, weakness, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. in severe cases, there may be growth retardation, high fever, dehydration, seizures, etc., which may cause ectopic calcification and kidney stones in kidney, brain, lung, pancreas and other organs.

Combined with the determination of calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH), the metabolic state of calcium and phosphorus in the body can be judged comprehensively .